Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic water-soluble polymer widely used in industrial, commercial, and research sectors due to its unique combination of properties. Unlike many other synthetic polymers, PVA is not synthesized through direct polymerization of its monomer (vinyl alcohol), but rather via hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. This distinct production process, along with its versatility, enables PVA to serve a variety of purposes across multiple industries.Polyvinyl alcohol has a molecular structure consisting of repeating vinyl alcohol units. The general formula for PVA is given as where n represents the degree of polymerization.